© International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements 2007
1 INTRODUCTION
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Many reviews of proton therapy have been published over the years. These studies have discussed the physical, biological, technical, and clinical aspects, as well as considerations of its efficacy and speculations concerning the future role of protons in radiation therapy (Archambeau et al., 1974; Bonnett, 1993; Breuer and Smit, 2000; Chu, 1995a; Fowler, 1981; Goitein, 1995; Goitein et al., 1985; 2002; Graffmann, 1975; Jones, 1999; 2001a; 2001b; 2001c; Koehler and Preston, 1972; Kogelnik, 1997; Miller, 1995; Munzenrider et al., 1981; Nahum et al., 1994; Petti and Lennox, 1994; Raju, 1980; 1994; 1995a; 1995b; 1996; Smith, 2006; Suit, 2002; Suit and Krengli, 1997; Suit and Urie, 1992; Suit et al., 1992; 2003; Verhey and Munzenrider, 1982; Wambersie and Battermann,
1.1 PRINCIPLES OF PROTON THERAPY
1.1.1 Physical characteristics
1.1.2 Biological effects
1.1.3 Clinical evaluations
1.2 HISTORY OF PROTON THERAPY
1.3 PRESENT STATUS