© International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements 2008
2. Interactions of Electrons and Photons with Matter
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2.1 Interactions and Energy Absorption Mechanisms (Physical Effects)
2.1.1 Introduction
The main quantity of interest in radiation processing is the absorbed dose, D, defined as
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| (2.1) |
is the mean energy imparted to matter of mass dm. Absorbed dose is defined in terms of the material to which the energy is imparted. In most radiation-processing applications, the absorbed dose of interest is absorbed dose to water. Water provides a readily obtainable reference material, and approximates in radiation-energy absorption many of the aqueous solutions, plastics, or cellulosic materials used in dosimeters and in materials processed by radiation. For some applications, such as the irradiation of semiconductors, there can be a requirement for determining the absorbed dose to a specific material such as silicon.
The physics of ionizing radiation
2.1.2 Photon Interactions
2.1.2.1 Photoelectric Absorption
2.1.2.2 Coherent (Rayleigh) Scattering
2.1.2.3 Incoherent (Compton) Scattering
2.1.2.4 Pair Production
2.1.2.5 Total Cross-Section
2.1.2.6 Photon Attenuation and Absorption Coefficients
Mass Attenuation Coefficient
Mass Energy-Transfer Coefficient
Mass Energy-Absorption Coefficient
2.1.3 Electron Interactions
2.1.4 Relationship of Absorbed Doses in Different Media
2.1.4.1 Photon Irradiation
2.1.4.2 Electron Irradiation
2.1.4.3 Irradiation Vessel
2.2 Interactions and Energy Absorption Mechanisms (Chemical Effects)
2.2.1 Introduction
2.2.2 Water and Aqueous Inorganic Systems
2.2.3 Organic and Aqueous–Organic Systems
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