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Journal of the ICRU 2008 8(2):29-70; doi:10.1093/jicru/ndn027
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© International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements 2008

5. Dosimetry Systems

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

5.1 Reference Standard and Routine Dosimetry Systems

Nine dosimetry systems that are commonly u25sed in radiation processing are described in this section. These systems (alanine-electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), calorimeters, cellulose triacetate (CTA), ceric–cerous, dichromate, ethanol chlorobenzene (ECB), Fricke, polymethyl methacrylate, and radiochromic film) are presented in alphabetical order, and they include both reference standard and routine dosimeters as defined in Section 4.1. The descriptions follow a common format:

  • General description of system
  • Reaction mechanisms
  • Historical development
  • Preparation (where applicable)
  • Methods of measurement
  • Dosimetric properties

5.1.1 Alanine-EPR
5.1.1.1 General Description of System
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of the amino acid {alpha}-alanine, Formula is used for measuring absorbed doses of ionizing radiation in the dose range from 1 Gy to 100 kGy. In the dosimetry literature, the term electron spin resonance (ESR) is used interchangeably with . . . [Full Text of this Article]

5.1.1.2 Reaction Mechanisms
5.1.1.3 Historical Development
5.1.1.4 Methods of Measurement
5.1.1.5 Dosimetric Properties
Absorbed-Dose Range
Effects of External Influence Quantities
Stability
Calibration Requirements
5.1.2 Calorimeters
5.1.2.1 General Description of System
5.1.2.2 Reaction Mechanisms
5.1.2.3 Historical Development
Absorber Materials
Examples of Calorimeters
5.1.2.4 Methods of Measurement
5.1.2.5 Dosimetric Properties
Absorbed-Dose Range
Effects of External Influence Quantities
Stability
Calibration Requirements
5.1.3 Cellulose Triacetate
5.1.3.1 General Description of System
5.1.3.2 Reaction Mechanisms
5.1.3.3 Historical Development
5.1.3.4 Methods of Measurement
5.1.3.5 Dosimetric Properties
Absorbed-Dose Range
Effects of External Influence Quantities
Stability
Calibration Requirements
5.1.4 Ceric–Cerous
5.1.4.1 General Description of System
5.1.4.2 Reaction Mechanisms
5.1.4.3 Historical Development
5.1.4.4 Preparation
5.1.4.5 Methods of Measurement
5.1.4.6 Dosimetric Properties
Absorbed-Dose Range
Effects of External Influence Quantities
Stability
Calibration Requirements
5.1.5 Dichromate
5.1.5.1 General Description of System
5.1.5.2 Reaction Mechanisms
5.1.5.3 Historical Development
5.1.5.4 Preparation
5.1.5.5 Methods of Measurement
5.1.5.6 Dosimetric Properties
Absorbed-Dose Range
Effects of External Influence Quantities
Calibration Requirements
5.1.6 Ethanol Chlorobenzene
5.1.6.1 General Description
5.1.6.2 Reaction Mechanisms
5.1.6.3 Historical Development
5.1.6.4 Preparation
5.1.6.5 Methods of Measurement
5.1.6.6 Dosimetric Properties
Radiation Quality
Absorbed-Dose Range
Effects of External Influence Factors
Stability
Calibration Requirements
5.1.7 Ferrous Sulfate (Fricke)
5.1.7.1 General Description of System
5.1.7.2 Reaction Mechanisms
5.1.7.3 Historical Development
5.1.7.4 Preparation
5.1.7.5 Methods of Measurement
5.1.7.6 Dosimetric Properties
Absorbed-Dose Range
Effects of External Influence Quantities
Stability
Calibration Requirements
5.1.8 Polymethyl Methacrylate
5.1.8.1 General Description of System
5.1.8.2 Reaction Mechanisms
5.1.8.3 Historical Development
5.1.8.4 Methods of Measurement
5.1.8.5 Properties
Absorbed-Dose Range
Effects of External Influence Quantities
Stability
Calibration Requirements
5.1.9 Radiochromic-Dye Films
5.1.9.1 General Description of System
5.1.9.2 Reaction Mechanisms
Triphenylmethane-Based Systems
Polydiacetylene-Based Systems
5.1.9.3 Historical Development
5.1.9.4 Method of Measurement
5.1.9.5 Dosimetric Properties
Absorbed-Dose Ranges
Effects of External Influence Quantities
Stability
Calibration Requirements
5.2 Other Dosimetry Systems

5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Gaseous Systems
5.2.3 Liquid Systems
5.2.3.1 Saccharide Solutions
5.2.3.2 Tetrazolium Salt Solutions
5.2.3.3 Optical Waveguides
5.2.3.4 Aromatic Carboxylic Acid Solutions
5.2.4 Solid Systems
5.2.4.1 Lithium Fluoride Optical Absorbance System
5.2.4.2 Lithium Fluoride Photoluminescent System
5.2.4.3 Diamond Detectors
5.2.4.4 Polyethylene Films
5.2.4.5 Novel Radiochromic Films
5.2.4.6 Inorganic and Organic Solids for EPR Dosimetry
5.2.4.7 Semiconductors

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